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According to one of the basic properties of symplectic integrators, which conserve the physically conservative quantities well (total orbital energy and angular momentum), our long-term numerical integrations seem to have been performed with very small errors. The averaged relative errors of total energy (∼10−9) and of total angular momentum (∼10−11) have remained nearly constant throughout the integration period (Fig. 1). The special startup procedure, warm start, would have reduced the averaged relative error in total energy by about one order of magnitude or more.
Relative numerical error of the total angular momentum δA/A0 and the total energy δE/E0 in our numerical integrationsN± 1,2,3, where δE and δA are the absolute change of the total energy and total angular momentum, respectively, andE0andA0are their initial values. The horizontal unit is Gyr.
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